Clash of science and religion

I stayed behind yesterday afternoon after my scientific reasoning class ended, to talk with the professor for a few. Before the class had ended, he’d spent 5 minutes or so explaining why all of the articles we’ve analyzed thus far have been articles about evolution. Basically, it’s his way of getting the concept of evolution out there, to help people better understand it. Apparently when he started teaching the class 10 or so years ago, he would often have discussions about evolution as part of the class. However, he’s stopped having those, mostly because there’d be some religious people in the class who would get irate / refuse to even hear about it / etc. This in turn would make him [the professor] upset and frustrated, and in generally make a mess of the class. So, instead of having discussions, he selects articles about evolution for the class to analyze.

Considering what he had said, I was curious as to where he stood, ‘faith-wise’, seeing as that would certainly impact his opinion. He said that he essentially believes in a creator of some sort, but beyond that, it starts to get sketchy. In particular, he said he has trouble believing that Jesus rose from the dead; his science-leaning brain really struggles with that.

We got to talking about why some people get so upset over the whole idea of evolution. The usual thing that evolution seems to clash with is the idea that god created man. But, evolution doesn’t really go against religion or the concept of a creator, unless you read the Bible or other religious texts literally. Who’s to say there isn’t a creator of some sort who helped things evolve? Maybe it was in this god’s ultimate plan to start out with a table full of ingredients, and end up with a 4 course dinner. Who says he / she / it / whatever would automatically say, “eh, let’s just get the frozen dinner out and be done with it”?

My professor said something that really clicked with me, something that had never really occurred to me: science isn’t trying to disprove the idea of a god or gods. If you think about it, it’s not even within the sphere of science. How would you devise an experiment to test the theory of no god? Put a lightning pole up and say, “hey, you up there, if you hear me, strike that pole with lightning”? It can’t really be done. You run into the same problem with trying to prove what happens to people when they die. How would you ever test such a thing? I suppose you could round up some test subjects and kill them, but you’re going to have a hard time asking them about their experience beyond that point. :)
Scientists are just trying to figure out how stuff works. How fire works; how the solar system works; how (X) works. Try plugging ‘god’ into the X. How does god work? Who knows? How would you find out? How would you figure out such a thing?

After talking to him, I can see why my professor can get rather riled over the matter. It’s really easy to get stuck in a rut of thought, of viewing the world through tinted glasses (and I don’t just mean religious glasses). It’s difficult (maybe impossible) to see the world without any tinting in your glasses; so the next best thing is to view the world with lots and lots of different tints.

Another thing he said which I liked is, “Scientists really need to get a giant piece of chalk and mark off their territory. This is what we’re working on. We don’t care about questions of god or faith. The priests, ministers, philosophers, whatever can deal with that stuff. People need to understand this; science and faith are not automatically opposed.”

There are 1001 ways to view god or the lack thereof, but one of my favorite ones is the way the Buddha talked about it, when followers asked him if there was a god or gods:

“I’m not concerned with such questions. If there is, I’m still right where I’m at, facing the same problems. If there isn’t, I’m still right in the same place, facing the same problems. Instead of worrying about whether there is or isn’t, you should be facing the problems at hand.”

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It’s like when Napolean asked Laplace about why his theory of astronomical movement didn’t reference God. Laplace responded “I had no need of that hypothesis.”

Science, basically, is a very pragmatic method: it has specific rules that work pretty well to reach certain sorts of results. It doesn’t claim to be or do everything, or even to explain everything. It does what it does, and it often does it so well that other people get envious of it and try to appropriate it for their own ends without respecting the rules or why they are essential to both the method and the reliability of the results.

Nicely said, plunge. I think you can definitely see what you’re talking about in intelligent design. Do I think I.D. has potential to be an interesting topic? Definitely. Do I think it’s science? Nope, not even close. Philosophy, sure. Science? No.

Back in the 1960’s, Milton Rokeach, of the University of Michigan, wrote one of the seminal books about the mental processes of prejudice. In it, he noted that people who are chronically anxious, insecure or frightened cling desperately to their belief system, and are too busy defending themselves against real or imagined threats to absorb information about reality. The more upset we are, the less we are able to consider other ideas, and the more stubbornly we cling to the beliefs that give us comfort and make us feel secure in a changing world.

This is what we refer to as black and white thinking. Each of us has two frames of reference, what Rokeach called “belief systems” and “disbelief systems.” Our belief systems inform, for better or for worse, our everyday interactions with what we perceive as reality. They involve relatively fixed ideas. If racial prejudices are part of our belief systems, our behavior toward people of other ethnic backgrounds will reflect them. If we hold to particular religious convictions, they will illuminate our view of the world in those respects, to greater or lesser extent.

That extent is related to our disbelief system, the things that others believe - or seem to - that are at variance with our beliefs. On a good day, when our lives are running smoothly and we’re enjoying a feeling of well being, we may be able to consider other people’s ideas with a degree of equanimity. We may be able to see their point, if not agree with it completely, and consider ways in which it does not necessarily conflict with our own world view.

When, however, our world is looking bleak, we automatically revert to our own belief systems - the emotional places where we feel most secure. The degree to which we do this is related to things like understanding of the “big picture,” level of education, amount of lifetime exposure to the beliefs of others, our long-term success in dealing with the world, our desire to be open minded, and various other factors including peer pressure (it’s hard to be a liberal in a redneck bar). The important thing to remember is that we all do it, and we may never realize it.

Digital Zen: Thanks for your well thought out comment! Now I’m interested in checking out that book by Rokeach.

What you said actually reminded me of something else my professor spoke about: black and white thinking vs. gray thinking. To put it simply, at earlier levels of learning / education, people generally want black and white answers. As a person learns more and more about the world, they come to see that black and white is mostly wrong; in fact, there’s very rarely anything that’s truly black or white. Everything is instead gray. He personally feels that attending university and seeing things through the various lenses (science, social sciences, philosophy, etc.) is one of the best ways to deepen your understanding and acceptance of the grayness of the world.

Just realized I cut off (or maybe I just forgot to type) my last paragraphs.

People of faith see the world that they cherish changing for what they must — given their belief systems — consider the worse. Gay marriage, while none of their business and having nothing to do with the sanctity of their own unions (which, after all, Christianity teaches is between us and God) is still a threat to their comfort.

Likewise other issues that seem at variance with their belief systems. These can easily become skewed. Thus, a righteous concern about abortion becomes confused with the concept simply of Right to Life, which can then engender knee-jerk reactions such as we saw with the tragic Terri Schiavo incident.

Much of this is fear-based: fear of the unknown, of being forces to change, of finding themselves, ultimately, to be wrong. Combine that with a general ignorance of science in the population at large, and the reasons for a resistance to the idea of evolution become obvious.

Rokeach’s book is excellent. Might be a bit hard to find. I doubt if it’s in print.

Another book that’s a must for anyone interested in critical thinking is Dr. S. I. Hayakawa’s Language in Thought and Action, which is currently in about its three-dozenth printing.

Digitalzen: I just checked OhioLINK. I see a few books that might be what you’re talking about:

* Beliefs, attitudes, and values
or…
* The open and closed mind; investigations into the nature of belief systems and personality systems

Which one were you referring to? Or was it something totally different?